


      MMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))                     ((((UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....2222))))                    MMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))



      NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
           mail - interactive message processing system

      SSSSYYYYNNNNTTTTAAAAXXXX
           MMMMaaaaiiiillll [[[[_o_p_t_i_o_n_s]]]] [[[[_n_a_m_e...]]]]
           mmmmaaaaiiiillll [[[[_o_p_t_i_o_n_s]]]] [[[[_n_a_m_e...]]]]
           mmmmaaaaiiiillllxxxx [[[[_o_p_t_i_o_n_s]]]] [[[[_n_a_m_e...]]]]

      DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
           The command _m_a_i_l provides a comfortable, flexible
           environment for sending and receiving messages
           electronically.  When reading mail, _m_a_i_l provides commands
           to facilitate saving, deleting, and responding to messages.
           When sending mail, _m_a_i_l allows editing, reviewing and other
           modification of the message as it is entered.  The mail
           command is identical to _m_a_i_l_x as provided with AT&T System
           5; the _m_a_i_l_x command was derived from and is very similar to
           the 4.2 command _M_a_i_l.

           Incoming mail is stored in a standard file for each user,
           called the system _m_a_i_l_b_o_x for that user.  When _m_a_i_l is
           called to read messages, the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x is the default place to
           find them.  As messages are read, they are marked to be
           moved to a secondary file for storage, unless specific
           action is taken, so that the messages need not be seen
           again.  This secondary file is called the _m_b_o_x and is
           normally located in the user's HOME directory (see "MBOX"
           (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES) for a description of this file).
           Messages remain in this file until deliberately removed.

           On the command line, _o_p_t_i_o_n_s start with a dash (-) and any
           other arguments are taken to be destinations (recipients).
           If no recipients are specified, _m_a_i_l will attempt to read
           messages from the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x.  Command line options are:


                ----dddd            Turn on debugging output.  Neither
                              particularly interesting nor recommended.
                ----eeee            Test for presence of mail.  _M_a_i_l prints
                              nothing and exits with a successful
                              return code if there is mail to read.
                ----ffff [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e] Read messages from _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e instead of
                              _m_a_i_l_b_o_x.  If no _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e is specified,
                              the _m_b_o_x is used.
                ----FFFF            Record the message in a file named after
                              the first recipient.  Overrides the
                              "record" variable, if set (see
                              ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).
                ----hhhh _n_u_m_b_e_r     The number of network "hops" made so far.
                              This is provided for network software to
                              avoid infinite delivery loops.
                ----HHHH            Print header summary only.



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                ----iiii            Ignore interrupts.  See also "ignore"
                              (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).
                ----nnnn            Do not initialize from the system default
                              _m_a_i_l._r_c file.
                ----NNNN            Do not print initial header summary.
                ----rrrr _a_d_d_r_e_s_s    Pass _a_d_d_r_e_s_s to network delivery
                              software.  All tilde commands are
                              disabled.
                ----ssss _s_u_b_j_e_c_t    Set the Subject header field to _s_u_b_j_e_c_t.
                ----uuuu _u_s_e_r       Read _u_s_e_r's _m_a_i_l_b_o_x.  This is only
                              effective if _u_s_e_r's _m_a_i_l_b_o_x is not read
                              protected.
                ----UUUU            Convert _u_u_c_p style addresses to internet
                              standards.  Overrides the "conv"
                              environment variable.


           When reading mail, _m_a_i_l is in _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _m_o_d_e.  A header
           summary of the first several messages is displayed, followed
           by a prompt indicating _m_a_i_l can accept regular commands (see
           COMMANDS below).  When sending mail, _m_a_i_l is in _i_n_p_u_t _m_o_d_e.
           If no subject is specified on the command line, a prompt for
           the subject is printed.  As the message is typed, _m_a_i_l will
           read the message and store it in a temporary file.  Commands
           may be entered by beginning a line with the tilde (~) escape
           character, followed by a single command letter and optional
           arguments.  See TILDE ESCAPES for a summary of these
           commands.

           At any time, the behavior of _m_a_i_l is governed by a set of
           _e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n_t _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_s.  These are flags and valued
           parameters which are set and cleared via the sssseeeet and uuuunnnnsssset
           commands.  See ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES below for a summary of
           these parameters.

           Recipients listed on the command line may be of three types:
           login names, shell commands, or alias groups.  Login names
           may be any network address, including mixed network
           addressing.  If the recipient name begins with ``escape
           pipe-symbol'' (\|), the rest of the name is taken to be a
           shell command to pipe the message through.  This provides an
           automatic interface with any program that reads the standard
           input, such as _l_p(1) for recording outgoing mail on paper.
           Alias groups are set by the aaaalias command (see COMMANDS
           below) and are lists of recipients of any type.

           Regular commands are of the form

                          [ ccccoooommmmmmmmaaaannnndddd ] [ _m_s_g_l_i_s_t ] [ _a_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s ]

           If no command is specified in _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _m_o_d_e, pppprint is
           assumed.  In _i_n_p_u_t _m_o_d_e, commands are recognized by the



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           escape character, and lines not treated as commands are
           taken as input for the message.

           Each message is assigned a sequential number, and there is,
           at any time, the notion of a 'current' message, marked by a
           '>' in the header summary.  Many commands take an optional
           list of messages (_m_s_g_l_i_s_t) to operate on, which defaults to
           the current message.  A _m_s_g_l_i_s_t is a list of message
           specifications separated by spaces, which may include:

                nnnn       Message number nnnn.
                ....       The current message.
                ^^^^       The first undeleted message.
                $$$$       The last message.
                ****       All messages.
                nnnn----mmmm     An inclusive range of message numbers.
                uuuusssseeeerrrr    All messages from uuuusssseeeerrrr.
                ////ssssttttrrrriiiinnnngggg All messages with ssssttttrrrriiiinnnngggg in the subject line
                        (case ignored).
                ::::_c      All messages of type _c, where _c is one of:
                             dddd    deleted messages
                             nnnn    new messages
                             oooo    old messages
                             rrrr    read messages
                             uuuu    unread messages
                        Note that the context of the command determines
                        whether this type of message specification
                        makes sense.

           Other arguments are usually arbitrary strings whose usage
           depends on the command involved.  File names, where
           expected, are expanded via the normal shell conventions (see
           _s_h(1)).  Special characters are recognized by certain
           commands and are documented with the commands below.

           At start-up time, _m_a_i_l reads commands from a system-wide
           file (////uuuussssrrrr////lllliiiibbbb////mmmmaaaaiiiillll////mmmmaaaaiiiillll....rrrrcccc) to initialize certain
           parameters, then from a private start-up file
           ($$$$HHHHOOOOMMMMEEEE////....mmmmaaaaiiiillllrrrrcccc) for personalized variables.  Most regular
           commands are legal inside start-up files, the most common
           use being to set up initial display options and alias lists.
           The following commands are not legal in the start-up file:
           !!!!, CCCCopy, eeeedit, ffffoooollowup, FFFFollowup, hhhhoooold, mmmmail, pppprrrreeeeserve,
           rrrreply, RRRReply, sssshhhhell, and vvvvisual.  Any errors in the start-up
           file cause the remaining lines in the file to be ignored.










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      CCCCOOOOMMMMMMMMAAAANNNNDDDDSSSS
           The following is a complete list of _m_a_i_l commands:

           !!!!_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
                Escape to the shell.  See "SHELL" (ENVIRONMENT
                VARIABLES).

           #### _c_o_m_m_e_n_t
                Null command (comment).  This may be useful in ._m_a_i_l_r_c
                files.

           ====
                Print the current message number.

           ????
                Prints a summary of commands.

           aaaalias _a_l_i_a_s _n_a_m_e ...
           ggggroup _a_l_i_a_s _n_a_m_e ...
                Declare an alias for the given names.  The names will
                be substituted when _a_l_i_a_s is used as a recipient.
                Useful in the ._m_a_i_l_r_c file.

           aaaalllltttternates _n_a_m_e ...
                Declares a list of alternate names for your login.
                When responding to a message, these names are removed
                from the list of recipients for the response.  With no
                arguments, aaaalllltttternates prints the current list of
                alternate names.  See also "allnet" (ENVIRONMENT
                VARIABLES).

           ccccdddd [_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y]
           cccchhhhdir [_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y]
                Change directory.  If _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y is not specified, $HOME
                is used.

           ccccopy [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e]
           ccccopy [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
                Copy messages to the file without marking the messages
                as saved.  Otherwise equivalent to the ssssave command.

           CCCCopy [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Save the specified messages in a file whose name is
                derived from the author of the message to be saved,
                without marking the messages as saved.  Otherwise
                equivalent to the SSSSave command.

           ddddelete [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Delete messages from the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x.  If "autoprint" is
                set, the next message after the last one deleted is
                printed (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).




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           ddddiiiiscard [_h_e_a_d_e_r-_f_i_e_l_d ...]
           iiiiggggnore [_h_e_a_d_e_r-_f_i_e_l_d ...]
                Suppresses printing of the specified header fields when
                displaying messages on the screen.  Examples of header
                fields to ignore are "status" and "cc." The fields are
                included when the message is saved.  The PPPPrint and TTTType
                commands override this command.
















































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           ddddpppp [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
           ddddtttt [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Delete the specified messages from the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x and
                print the next message after the last one deleted.
                Roughly equivalent to a ddddelete command followed by a
                pppprint command.

           eeeeccccho _s_t_r_i_n_g ...
                Echo the given strings (like _e_c_h_o(1)).

           eeeedit [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Edit the given messages.  The messages are placed in a
                temporary file and the "EDITOR" variable is used to get
                the name of the editor (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).
                Default editor is _e_d(1).

           eeeexxxxit
           xxxxit
                Exit from _m_a_i_l, without changing the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x.  No
                messages are saved in the _m_b_o_x (see also qqqquit).

           ffffiiiile [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e]
           ffffoooolllldddder [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e]
                Quit from the current file of messages and read in the
                specified file.  Several special characters are
                recognized when used as file names, with the following
                substitutions:
                        %     the current _m_a_i_l_b_o_x.
                        %uuuusssseeeerrrr the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x for uuuusssseeeerrrr.
                        #     the previous file.
                        &     the current _m_b_o_x.
                Default file is the current _m_a_i_l_b_o_x.

           ffffoooollllddddeeeerrrrssss
                Print the names of the files in the directory set by
                the "folder" variable (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).

           ffffoooollowup [_m_e_s_s_a_g_e]
                Respond to a message, recording the response in a file
                whose name is derived from the author of the message.
                Overrides the "record" variable, if set.  See also the
                FFFFollowup, SSSSave, and CCCCopy commands and "outfolder"
                (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).

           FFFFollowup [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Respond to the first message in the _m_s_g_l_i_s_t, sending
                the message to the author of each message in the
                _m_s_g_l_i_s_t.  The subject line is taken from the first
                message and the response is recorded in a file whose
                name is derived from the author of the first message.
                See also the ffffoooollowup, SSSSave, and CCCCopy commands and
                "outfolder" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).



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           ffffrom [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Prints the header summary for the specified messages.

           ggggroup _a_l_i_a_s _n_a_m_e ...
           aaaalias _a_l_i_a_s _n_a_m_e ...
                Declare an alias for the given names.  The names will
                be substituted when _a_l_i_a_s is used as a recipient.
                Useful in the ._m_a_i_l_r_c file.

           hhhheaders [_m_e_s_s_a_g_e]
                Prints the page of headers along with the specified
                message.  The "screen" variable sets the number of
                headers per page (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).  See also
                the zzzz command.

           hhhheeeellllp
                Prints a summary of commands.

           hhhhoooold [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
           pppprrrreeeeserve [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Holds the specified messages in the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x.

           iiiif _s|_r
           _m_a_i_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_ds
           eeeellllse
           _m_a_i_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_ds
           eeeennnndif
                Conditional execution.  An _s following the _i_f statement
                will execute the following _m_a_i_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_ds, up to an eeeellllse
                or eeeennnndif, if the program is in _s_e_n_d mode.  The _r
                following the _i_f statement causes the _m_a_i_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_ds to
                be executed only in _r_e_c_e_i_v_e mode.  Useful in the
                ._m_a_i_l_r_c file.

           iiiiggggnore _h_e_a_d_e_r-_f_i_e_l_d ...
           ddddiiiiscard _h_e_a_d_e_r-_f_i_e_l_d ...
                Suppresses printing of the specified header fields when
                displaying messages on the screen.  Examples of header
                fields to ignore are "status" and "cc." All fields are
                included when the message is saved.  The PPPPrint and TTTType
                commands override this command.

           llllist
                Prints all commands available.  No explanation is
                given.

           mmmmail _n_a_m_e ...
                Mail a message to the specified users.

           mmmmbbbbox [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Arrange for the given messages to end up in the
                standard _m_b_o_x save file when _m_a_i_l terminates normally.



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                See "MBOX" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES) for a description of
                this file.  See also the eeeexxxxit and qqqquit commands.

           nnnnext [_m_e_s_s_a_g_e]
                Go to next message matching _m_e_s_s_a_g_e.  A _m_s_g_l_i_s_t may be
                specified, but in this case the first valid message in
                the list is the only one used.  This is useful for
                jumping to the next message from a specific user, since
                the name would be taken as a command in the absence of
                a real command.  See the discussion of _m_s_g_l_i_s_ts above
                for a description of possible message specifications.

           ppppiiiipe [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] [_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d]
           |||| [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] [_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d]
                Pipe the message through the given _s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d.  The
                message is treated as if it were read.  If no arguments
                are given, the current message is piped through the
                command specified by the value of the "cmd" variable.
                If the "page" variable is set, a form feed character is
                inserted after each message (see ENVIRONMENT
                VARIABLES).

           pppprrrreeeeserve [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
           hhhhoooold [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Preserve the specified messages in the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x.

           PPPPrint [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
           TTTType [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Print the specified messages on the screen, including
                all header fields.  Overrides suppression of fields by
                the iiiiggggnore command.

           pppprint [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
           ttttype [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Print the specified messages.  If "crt" is set, the
                messages longer than the number of lines specified by
                the "crt" variable are paged through the command
                specified by the "PAGER" variable.  The default command
                is _p_g(1) (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).

           qqqquit
                Exit from _m_a_i_l, storing messages that were read in _m_b_o_x
                and unread messages in the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x.  Messages that have
                been explicitly saved in a file are deleted.

           RRRReply [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
           RRRRespond [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Send a response to the author of each message in the
                _m_s_g_l_i_s_t.  The subject line is taken from the first
                message.  If "record" is set to a filename, the
                response is saved at the end of that file (see
                ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).



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           rrrreply [_m_e_s_s_a_g_e]
           rrrrespond [_m_e_s_s_a_g_e]
                Reply to the specified message, including all other
                recipients of the message.  If "record" is set to a
                filename, the response is saved at the end of that file
                (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).

           SSSSave [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Save the specified messages in a file whose name is
                derived from the author of the first message.  The name
                of the file is taken to be the author's name with all
                network addressing stripped off.  See also the CCCCopy,
                ffffoooollowup, and FFFFollowup commands and "outfolder"
                (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).

           ssssave [_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e]
           ssssave [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
                Save the specified messages in the given file.  The
                file is created if it does not exist.  The message is
                deleted from the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x when _m_a_i_l terminates unless
                "keepsave" is set (see also ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES and
                the eeeexxxxit and qqqquit commands).

           sssseeeet
           sssseeeet _n_a_m_e
           sssseeeet _n_a_m_e=_s_t_r_i_n_g
           sssseeeet _n_a_m_e=_n_u_m_b_e_r
                Define a variable called _n_a_m_e.  The variable may be
                given a null, string, or numeric value.  SSSSeeeet by itself
                prints all defined variables and their values.  See
                ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES for detailed descriptions of the
                _m_a_i_l variables.

           sssshhhhell
                Invoke an interactive shell (see also "SHELL"
                (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES)).

           ssssiiiize [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Print the size in characters of the specified messages.

           ssssoooource _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
                Read commands from the given file and return to command
                mode.

           ttttoooop [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Print the top few lines of the specified messages.  If
                the "toplines" variable is set, it is taken as the
                number of lines to print (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).
                The default is 5.






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           ttttoooouuuuch [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Touch the specified messages.  If any message in
                _m_s_g_l_i_s_t is not specifically saved in a file, it will be
                placed in the _m_b_o_x upon normal termination.  See eeeexxxxit
                and qqqquit.

           TTTType [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
           PPPPrint [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Print the specified messages on the screen, including
                all header fields.  Overrides suppression of fields by
                the iiiiggggnore command.

           ttttype [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
           pppprint [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Print the specified messages.  If "crt" is set, the
                messages longer than the number of lines specified by
                the "crt" variable are paged through the command
                specified by the "PAGER" variable.  The default command
                is _p_g(1) (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).

           uuuundelete [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Restore the specified deleted messages.  Will only
                restore messages deleted in the current mail session.
                If "autoprint" is set, the last message of those
                restored is printed (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).

           uuuunnnnsssset _n_a_m_e ...
                Causes the specified variables to be erased.  If the
                variable was imported from the execution environment
                (i.e., a shell variable) then it cannot be erased.

           vvvveeeersion
                Prints the current version and release date.

           vvvvisual [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Edit the given messages with a screen editor.  The
                messages are placed in a temporary file and the
                "VISUAL" variable is used to get the name of the editor
                (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).  The default editor is
                _v_i(1).

           wwwwrite [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t] _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
                Write the given messages on the specified file, minus
                the header and trailing blank line.  Otherwise
                equivalent to the ssssave command.

           xxxxit
           eeeexxxxit
                Exit from _m_a_i_l, without changing the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x.  No
                messages are saved in the _m_b_o_x (see also qqqquit).





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           zzzz[+|-]
                Scroll the header display forward or backward one full
                screen.  The number of headers displayed is set by the
                "screen" variable (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).

      TTTTIIIILLLLDDDDEEEE EEEESSSSCCCCAAAAPPPPEEEESSSS
           The following commands may be entered only from _i_n_p_u_t _m_o_d_e,
           by beginning a line with the tilde escape character (~).
           See "escape" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES) for changing this
           special character.

           ~~~~!!!! _s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
                Escape to the shell.

           ~~~~....
                Simulate end of file (terminate message input).

           ~~~~:::: _m_a_i_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
           ~~~~____ _m_a_i_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
                Perform the command-level request.  Valid only when
                sending a message while reading mail.

           ~~~~????
                Print a summary of tilde escapes.

           ~~~~AAAA
                Insert the autograph string "Sign" into the message
                (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).

           ~~~~aaaa
                Insert the autograph string "sign" into the message
                (see ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).

           ~~~~bbbb _n_a_m_e ...
                Add the _n_a_m_es to the blind carbon copy (Bcc) list.

           ~~~~cccc _n_a_m_e ...
                Add the _n_a_m_es to the carbon copy (Cc) list.

           ~~~~dddd
                Read in the _d_e_a_d._l_e_t_t_e_r file.  See "DEAD" (ENVIRONMENT
                VARIABLES) for a description of this file.

           ~~~~eeee
                Invoke the editor on the partial message.  See also
                "EDITOR" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).

           ~~~~ffff [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Forward the specified messages.  The messages are
                inserted into the message, without alteration.





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      MMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))                     ((((UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....2222))))                    MMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))



           ~~~~hhhh
                Prompt for Subject line and To, Cc, and Bcc lists.  If
                the field is displayed with an initial value, it may be
                edited as if you had just typed it.

           ~~~~iiii _s_t_r_i_n_g
                Insert the value of the named variable into the text of
                the message.  For example, ~~~~AAAA is equivalent to
                '~~~~iiii Sign.'

           ~~~~mmmm [_m_s_g_l_i_s_t]
                Insert the specified messages into the letter, shifting
                the new text to the right one tab stop.  Valid only
                when sending a message while reading mail.

           ~~~~pppp
                Print the message being entered.

           ~~~~qqqq
                Quit from input mode by simulating an interrupt.  If
                the body of the message is not null, the partial
                message is saved in _d_e_a_d._l_e_t_t_e_r.  See "DEAD"
                (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES) for a description of this file.

           ~~~~rrrr _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
           ~~~~<<<< _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
           ~~~~<<<< !_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
                Read in the specified file.  If the argument begins
                with an exclamation point (!), the rest of the string
                is taken as an arbitrary shell command and is executed,
                with the standard output inserted into the message.

           ~~~~ssss _s_t_r_i_n_g ...
                Set the subject line to _s_t_r_i_n_g.

           ~~~~tttt _n_a_m_e ...
                Add the given _n_a_m_es to the To list.

           ~~~~vvvv
                Invoke a preferred screen editor on the partial
                message.  See also "VISUAL" (ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES).

           ~~~~wwww _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
                Write the partial message onto the given file, without
                the header.

           ~~~~xxxx
                Exit as with ~_q, except the message is not saved in
                _d_e_a_d._l_e_t_t_e_r.

           ~~~~|||| _s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
                Pipe the body of the message through the given _s_h_e_l_l-



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                _c_o_m_m_a_n_d.  If the _s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d returns a successful
                exit status, the output of the command replaces the
                message.

      EEEENNNNVVVVIIIIRRRROOOONNNNMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT VVVVAAAARRRRIIIIAAAABBBBLLLLEEEESSSS
           The following are environment variables taken from the
           execution environment and are not alterable within _m_a_i_l.

           HHHHOOOOMMMMEEEE=_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
                The user's base of operations.

           MMMMAAAAIIIILLLLRRRRCCCC=_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
                The name of the start-up file.  Default is
                $HOME/.mailrc.

           The following variables are internal _m_a_i_l variables.  They
           may be imported from the execution environment or set via
           the sssseeeet command at any time.  The uuuunnnnsssset command may be used
           to erase variables.

           aaaallllllllnnnneeeetttt
                All network names whose last component (login name)
                match are treated as identical.  This causes the
                _m_s_g_l_i_s_t message specifications to behave similarly.
                Default is nnnnooooaaaallllllllnnnneeeetttt.  See also the aaaalllltttternates command
                and the "metoo" variable.

           aaaappppppppeeeennnndddd
                Upon termination, append messages to the end of the
                _m_b_o_x file instead of prepending them.  Default is
                nnnnooooaaaappppppppeeeennnndddd....

           aaaasssskkkkcccccccc
                Prompt for the Cc list after message is entered.
                Default is nnnnooooaaaasssskkkkcccccccc.

           aaaasssskkkkssssuuuubbbb
                Prompt for subject if it is not specified on the
                command line with the ----ssss option.  Enabled by default.

           aaaauuuuttttoooopppprrrriiiinnnntttt
                Enable automatic printing of messages after ddddelete and
                uuuundelete commands.  Default is nnnnooooaaaauuuuttttoooopppprrrriiiinnnntttt.

           bbbbaaaannnngggg
                Enable the special-casing of exclamation points (!) in
                shell escape command lines as in _v_i(1).  Default is
                nnnnoooobbbbaaaannnngggg.

           ccccmmmmdddd=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
                Set the default command for the ppppiiiipe command.  No
                default value.



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      MMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))                     ((((UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....2222))))                    MMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))



           ccccoooonnnnvvvv=_c_o_n_v_e_r_s_i_o_n
                Convert uucp addresses to the specified address style.
                The only valid conversion now is _i_n_t_e_r_n_e_t, which
                requires a mail delivery program conforming to the
                RFC822 standard for electronic mail addressing.
                Conversion is disabled by default.  See also "sendmail"
                and the ----UUUU command line option.

           ccccrrrrtttt=_n_u_m_b_e_r
                Pipe messages having more than _n_u_m_b_e_r lines through the
                command specified by the value of the "PAGER" variable
                (_p_g(1) by default).  Disabled by default.

           DDDDEEEEAAAADDDD=_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
                The name of the file in which partial letters are saved
                in the event of untimely interrupt or delivery errors.
                Default is $HOME/dead.letter.

           ddddeeeebbbbuuuugggg
                Enable verbose diagnostics for debugging.  Messages are
                not delivered.  Default is nnnnooooddddeeeebbbbuuuugggg.

           ddddooootttt
                Take a period on a line by itself during input from a
                terminal as end-of-file.  Default is nnnnooooddddooootttt.

           EEEEDDDDIIIITTTTOOOORRRR=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
                The command to run when the eeeedit or ~~~~eeee command is used.
                Default is _e_d(1).

           eeeessssccccaaaappppeeee=_c
                Substitute _c for the ~ escape character.

           ffffoooollllddddeeeerrrr=_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
                The directory for saving standard mail files.  User
                specified file names beginning with a plus (+) are
                expanded by preceding the filename with this directory
                name to obtain the real filename.  If _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y does
                not start with a slash (/), $HOME is prepended to it.
                In order to use the plus (+) construct on a _m_a_i_l
                command line, "folder" must be an exported _s_h
                environment variable.  There is no default for the
                "folder" variable.  See also "outfolder" below.

           hhhheeeeaaaaddddeeeerrrr
                Enable printing of the header summary when entering
                _m_a_i_l.  Enabled by default.

           hhhhoooolllldddd
                Preserve all messages that are read in the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x
                instead of putting them in the standard _m_b_o_x save file.
                Default is nnnnoooohhhhoooolllldddd.



      Page 14                                                  (9010-E)






      MMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))                     ((((UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....2222))))                    MMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))



           iiiiggggnnnnoooorrrreeee
                Ignore interrupts while entering messages.  Handy for
                noisy dial-up lines.  Default is nnnnooooiiiiggggnnnnoooorrrreeee.

           iiiiggggnnnnoooorrrreeeeeeeeooooffff
                Ignore end-of-file during message input.  Input must be
                terminated by a period (.) on a line by itself or by
                the ~~~~.... command.  Default is nnnnooooiiiiggggnnnnoooorrrreeeeeeeeooooffff.  See also
                "dot" above.

           kkkkeeeeeeeepppp
                When the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x is empty, truncate it to zero length
                instead of removing it.  Disabled by default.

           kkkkeeeeeeeeppppssssaaaavvvveeee
                Keep messages that have been saved in other files in
                the _m_a_i_l_b_o_x instead of deleting them.  Default is
                nnnnooookkkkeeeeeeeeppppssssaaaavvvveeee.

           MMMMBBBBOOOOXXXX=_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
                The name of the file to save messages which have been
                read.  The xxxxit command overrides this function, as does
                saving the message explicitly in another file.  Default
                is $HOME/mbox.

           mmmmeeeettttoooooooo
                If your login appears as a recipient, do not delete it
                from the list.  Default is nnnnoooommmmeeeettttoooooooo.

           LLLLIIIISSSSTTTTEEEERRRR=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
                The command (and options) to use when listing the
                contents of the "folder" directory.  The default is
                _l_s(1).

           oooonnnneeeehhhhoooopppp
                When responding to a message that was originally sent
                to several recipients, the other recipient addresses
                are normally forced to be relative to the originating
                author's machine for the response.  This flag disables
                alteration of the recipients' addresses, improving
                efficiency in a network where all machines can send
                directly to all other machines (i.e., one hop away).

           oooouuuuttttffffoooollllddddeeeerrrr
                Causes the files used to record outgoing messages to be
                located in the directory specified by the "folder"
                variable unless the pathname is absolute.  Default is
                nnnnoooooooouuuuttttffffoooollllddddeeeerrrr.  See "folder" above and the SSSSave, CCCCopy,
                ffffoooollowup, and FFFFollowup commands.

           ppppaaaaggggeeee
                Used with the ppppiiiipe command to insert a form feed after



      Page 15                                                  (9010-E)






      MMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))                     ((((UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....2222))))                    MMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))



                each message sent through the pipe.  Default is nnnnooooppppaaaaggggeeee.

           PPPPAAAAGGGGEEEERRRR=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
                The command to use as a filter for paginating output.
                This can also specify the options to be used.  Default
                is _p_g(1).

           pppprrrroooommmmpppptttt=_s_t_r_i_n_g
                Set the _c_o_m_m_a_n_d _m_o_d_e prompt to _s_t_r_i_n_g.  Default is
                "? ".

           qqqquuuuiiiieeeetttt
                Refrain from printing the opening message and version
                when entering _m_a_i_l.  Default is nnnnooooqqqquuuuiiiieeeetttt.

           rrrreeeeccccoooorrrrdddd=_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
                Record all outgoing mail in _f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e.  Disabled by
                default.  See also "outfolder" above.

           ssssaaaavvvveeee
                Enable saving of messages in _d_e_a_d._l_e_t_t_e_r on interrupt
                or delivery error.  See "DEAD" for a description of
                this file.  Enabled by default.

           ssssccccrrrreeeeeeeennnn=_n_u_m_b_e_r
                Sets the number of lines in a screen-full of headers
                for the hhhheaders command.

           sssseeeennnnddddmmmmaaaaiiiillll=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
                Alternate command for delivering messages.  Default is
                _m_a_i_l(1).

           sssseeeennnnddddwwwwaaaaiiiitttt
                Wait for background mailer to finish before returning.
                Default is nnnnoooosssseeeennnnddddwwwwaaaaiiiitttt.

           SSSSHHHHEEEELLLLLLLL=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
                The name of a preferred command interpreter.  Default
                is _s_h(1).

           sssshhhhoooowwwwttttoooo
                When displaying the header summary and the message is
                from you, print the recipient's name instead of the
                author's name.

           ssssiiiiggggnnnn=_s_t_r_i_n_g
                The variable inserted into the text of a message when
                the ~~~~aaaa (autograph) command is given.  No default (see
                also ~~~~iiii (TILDE ESCAPES)).

           SSSSiiiiggggnnnn=_s_t_r_i_n_g
                The variable inserted into the text of a message when



      Page 16                                                  (9010-E)






      MMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))                     ((((UUUUNNNNIIIIXXXX 5555....2222))))                    MMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))



                the ~~~~AAAA command is given.  No default (see also ~~~~iiii
                (TILDE ESCAPES)).

           ttttoooopppplllliiiinnnneeeessss=_n_u_m_b_e_r
                The number of lines of header to print with the ttttoooop
                command.  Default is 5.

           VVVVIIIISSSSUUUUAAAALLLL=_s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d
                The name of a preferred screen editor.  Default is
                _v_i(1).

      FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
           /bin/mail
           /bin/mailx
           /bin/Mail $HOME/.mailrc              personal start-up file
           $HOME/mbox                 secondary storage file
           /usr/mail/*                post office directory
           /usr/lib/mail/mail.help*   help message files
           /usr/lib/mail/mail.rc      global start-up file
           /tmp/R[emqsx]*             temporary files

      SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
           binmail(1), pg(1), ls(1).

      BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
           Where _s_h_e_l_l-_c_o_m_m_a_n_d is shown as valid, arguments are not
           always allowed.  Experimentation is recommended.

           Internal variables imported from the execution environment
           cannot be uuuunnnnsssset.

           The full internet addressing is not fully supported by _m_a_i_l.
           The new standards need some time to settle down.

           Attempts to send a message having a line consisting only of
           a ``.'' are treated as the end of the message by _b_i_n_m_a_i_l(1)
           (the local mail delivery program).

           Error messages name the program mailx.

           Help files and _r_m_m_a_i_l are contained in the /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_m_a_i_l_x
           directory.













      Page 17                                                  (9010-E)



