


      SSSSEEEENNNNDDDDMMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))                 ((((bbbbssssdddd 4444....2222))))                 SSSSEEEENNNNDDDDMMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))



      NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
           sendmail - send mail over the internet

      SSSSYYYYNNNNTTTTAAAAXXXX
           ////uuuussssrrrr////lllliiiibbbb////sssseeeennnnddddmmmmaaaaiiiillll [ flags ] [ address ...  ]

           nnnneeeewwwwaaaalllliiiiaaaasssseeeessss

           mmmmaaaaiiiillllqqqq

      DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
           _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l sends a message to one or more people, routing the
           message over whatever networks are necessary.  _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l does
           internetwork forwarding as necessary to deliver the message
           to the correct place.

           _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l is not intended as a user interface routine.  Other
           programs provide user-friendly front ends, while _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l is
           used only to deliver pre-formatted messages.

           With no flags, _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l reads its standard input up to a
           control-D or a line with a single dot and sends a copy of
           the letter found there to all of the addresses listed.  It
           determines the network to use based on the syntax and
           contents of the addresses.

           Local addresses are looked up in a file and aliased
           appropriately.  Aliasing can be prevented by preceding the
           address with a backslash.  Normally, the sender is not
           included in any alias expansions (e.g., if `john' sends to
           `group' and `group' includes `john' in the expansion) then
           the letter will not be delivered to `john'.

           Flags are:

           ----bbbbaaaa         Go into ARPANET mode.  All input lines must end
                       with a CR-LF, and all messages will be generated
                       with a CR-LF at the end.  Also, the ``From:''
                       and ``Sender:'' fields are examined for the name
                       of the sender.

           ----bbbbdddd         Run as a daemon.

           ----bbbbiiii         Initialize the alias database.

           ----bbbbmmmm         Deliver mail in the usual way (default).

           ----bbbbpppp         Print a listing of the queue.

           ----bbbbssss         Use the SMTP protocol as described in RFC821.
                       This flag implies all the operations of the ----bbbbaaaa
                       flag that are compatible with SMTP.



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           ----bbbbtttt         Run in address test mode.  This mode reads
                       addresses and shows the steps in parsing; it is
                       used for debugging configuration tables.

           ----bbbbvvvv         Verify names only - do not try to collect or
                       deliver a message.  Verify mode is normally used
                       for validating users or mailing lists.

           ----bbbbzzzz         Create the configuration freeze file.

           ----CCCC_f_i_l_e      Use alternate configuration file.

           ----dddd_X         Set debugging value to _X.

           ----FFFF_f_u_l_l_n_a_m_e  Set the full name of the sender.

           ----ffff_n_a_m_e      Sets the name of the ``from'' person (i.e., the
                       sender of the mail).  ----ffff can only be used by the
                       special users _r_o_o_t, _d_a_e_m_o_n, and _n_e_t_w_o_r_k, or if
                       the person you are trying to become is the same
                       as the person you are.

           ----hhhh_N         Set the hop count to _N. The hop count is
                       incremented every time the mail is processed.
                       When it reaches a limit, the mail is returned
                       with an error message, the victim of an aliasing
                       loop.

           ----nnnn          Don't do aliasing.

           ----oooo_x_v_a_l_u_e    Set option _x to the specified _v_a_l_u_e. Options are
                       described below.

           ----qqqq[[[[_t_i_m_e]]]]    Process saved messages in the queue at given
                       intervals.  If _t_i_m_e is omitted, process the
                       queue once.  _T_i_m_e is given as a tagged number,
                       with `s' being seconds, `m' being minutes, `h'
                       being hours, `d' being days, and `w' being
                       weeks.  For example, ``-q1h30m'' or ``-q90m''
                       would both set the timeout to one hour thirty
                       minutes.

           ----rrrr_n_a_m_e      An alternate and obsolete form of the ----ffff flag.

           ----tttt          Read message for recipients.  To:, Cc:, and Bcc:
                       lines will be scanned for people to send to.
                       The Bcc: line will be deleted before
                       transmission.  Any addresses in the argument
                       list will be suppressed.

           ----vvvv          Go into verbose mode.  Alias expansions will be
                       announced, etc.



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           There are also a number of processing options that may be
           set.  Normally these will only be used by a system
           administrator.  Options may be set either on the command
           line using the ----oooo flag or in the configuration file.  These
           are described in detail in the _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n
           _G_u_i_d_e.  The options are:

           AAAA_f_i_l_e       Use alternate alias file.

           cccc           On mailers that are considered ``expensive'' to
                       connect to, don't initiate immediate connection.
                       This requires queueing.

           dddd_x          Set the delivery mode to _x. Delivery modes are
                       `i' for interactive (synchronous) delivery, `b'
                       for background (asynchronous) delivery, and `q'
                       for queue only (i.e., actual delivery is done
                       the next time the queue is run).

           DDDD           Try to automatically rebuild the alias database,
                       if necessary.

           eeee_x          Set error processing to mode _x. Valid modes are
                       `m' to mail back the error message, `w' to
                       ``write'' back the error message (or mail it
                       back if the sender is not logged in), `p' to
                       print the errors on the terminal (default), `q'
                       to throw away error messages (only exit status
                       is returned), and `e' to do special processing
                       for the BerkNet.  If the text of the message is
                       not mailed back by modes `m' or `w' and if the
                       sender is local to this machine, a copy of the
                       message is appended to the file ``dead.letter''
                       in the sender's home directory.

           FFFF_m_o_d_e       The mode to use when creating temporary files.

           ffff           Save UNIX-style From lines at the front of
                       messages.

           gggg_N          The default group id to use when calling
                       mailers.

           HHHH_f_i_l_e       The SMTP help file.

           iiii           Do not take dots on a line by themselves as a
                       message terminator.

           LLLL_n          The log level.

           mmmm           Send to ``me'' (the sender) if I am in an alias
                       expansion.



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      SSSSEEEENNNNDDDDMMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))                 ((((bbbbssssdddd 4444....2222))))                 SSSSEEEENNNNDDDDMMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))



           oooo           If set, this message may have old style headers.
                       If not set, this message is guaranteed to have
                       new style headers (i.e., commas instead of
                       spaces between addresses).  If set, an adaptive
                       algorithm is used that will correctly determine
                       the header format in most cases.

           QQQQ_q_u_e_u_e_d_i_r   Select the directory in which to queue messages.

           rrrr_t_i_m_e_o_u_t    The timeout on reads; if none is set, _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l
                       will wait forever for a mailer.

           SSSS_f_i_l_e       Save statistics in the named file.

           ssss           Always instantiate the queue file, even under
                       circumstances where it is not strictly
                       necessary.

           TTTT_t_i_m_e       Set the timeout on messages in the queue to the
                       specified time.  After sitting in the queue for
                       this amount of time, they will be returned to
                       the sender.  The default is three days.

           tttt_s_t_z,_d_t_z    Set the name of the time zone.

           uuuu_N          Set the default user id for mailers.

           If the first character of the user name is a vertical bar,
           the rest of the user name is used as the name of a program
           to pipe the mail to.  It may be necessary to quote the name
           of the user to keep _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l from suppressing the blanks
           from between arguments.

           _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l returns an exit status describing what it did.  The
           codes are defined in <_s_y_s_e_x_i_t_s._h>
              EX_OK            Successful completion on all addresses.
              EX_NOUSER        User name not recognized.
              EX_UNAVAILABLE   Catchall, meaning necessary resources
                               were not available.
              EX_SYNTAX        Syntax error in address.
              EX_SOFTWARE      Internal software error, including bad
                               arguments.
              EX_OSERR         Temporary operating system error, such
                               as cannot fork.
              EX_NOHOST        Host name not recognized.
              EX_TEMPFAIL      Message could not be sent immediately,
                               but was queued.

           If invoked as _n_e_w_a_l_i_a_s_e_s, _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l will rebuild the alias
           database.  If invoked as _m_a_i_l_q, _s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l will print the
           contents of the mail queue.




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      SSSSEEEENNNNDDDDMMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))                 ((((bbbbssssdddd 4444....2222))))                 SSSSEEEENNNNDDDDMMMMAAAAIIIILLLL((((1111))))



      FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
           Except for /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l._c_f, these pathnames are all
           specified in /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_s_e_n_d_m_a_i_l._c_f. Thus, these values are
           only approximations.

           /usr/lib/aliases              raw data for alias names
           /usr/lib/aliases.pag          data base of alias names
           /usr/lib/aliases.dir          data base of alias names
           /usr/lib/sendmail.cf          configuration file
           /usr/lib/sendmail.fc          frozen configuration
           /usr/lib/sendmail.hf          help file
           /usr/lib/sendmail.st          collected statistics
           /usr/bin/uux                  to deliver uucp mail
           /bin/binmail                  to deliver local mail
           /usr/spool/mqueue/*           temp files

      SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
           binmail(1), mail(1), aliases(4), rmail(1), mailaddr(5);
           DARPA Internet Request For Comments RFC819, RFC821, RFC822;
           _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l _I_n_s_t_a_l_l_a_t_i_o_n _a_n_d _O_p_e_r_a_t_i_o_n _G_u_i_d_e in the Ridge
           Utility Guide.

      BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
           _S_e_n_d_m_a_i_l converts blanks in addresses to dots.  This is
           incorrect according to the old ARPANET mail protocol RFC733
           (NIC 41952), but is consistent with the new protocols
           (RFC822).

           When used with csh "!" must be backslashed.


























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