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)i1m Spring moult and winter feeding ecology in the ruddy duck and the greater scaup
)l2e
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!c1  Hypotheses )l2 
!c2  Methods )l2
!c1 
A.Ruddy ducks will maintain relatively
 comparison of ruddy duck and scaup which only includes absolute 
measurements would overlook the fact that basal metabolism may differ
between species. Scaup have a greater average weight than ruddy ducks 
(Bellrose,1980). 
similiar weight changes to those of the
greater scaup throughout late winter 
and early spring.
!c2 
Samples of both species will be 
live trapped,
 few birds will be sacrificed to est!-a!-blish the relationship between body
 fat and weight and to determine the accuracy of weight as an index of body fat.
Moult will be assessed in greater detail (as in Billard and Humphrey, l972).    
banded and weighed every
two weeks.   Moulting condition of 
trapped
!columns(1)
)p This is necessary in order to est!-a!-blish the association of weight change
with moulting condition.  In the field, birds will be checked for obvious
plumage characteristics eg.whether or not wing feathers have been lost, plumage
and bill colour in males etc.
birds will also be assessed.
Trapping methods will include night-
lighting (Billiard and Humphrey,l972)
for birds on the ocean coast and cage
traps for birds on the sewage pond.
